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In PowerFactory, an infinite source is typically emulated using an ideal voltage source element, where you directly specify voltage magnitude and frequency. If you need to simulate a voltage or frequency step during a dynamic simulation, you simply change these two inputs on the source itself, at any point in time.

Questions: 1. Does PSS®E have an equivalent "ideal voltage source" model/element — something where I can directly set voltage and frequency as independent inputs? Or is the only way to represent an infinite/stiff source to use a synchronous generator (e.g. GENCLS with high inertia)? 2. How do you emulate a voltage or frequency step on the network in PSS®E? If a generator is indeed required, what's the standard/recommended approach to force a step change in terminal voltage or frequency during a dynamic run? 3. Is applying a shunt (Bus Fault / Calculate and Apply Bus Fault) the ONLY way to force a voltage step at a specific bus, or are there other supported mechanisms (e.g. a dedicated disturbance type, an API call, or a model) for this purpose?

Any pointers to relevant documentation sections, example cases, or standard practice would be appreciated. PSS®E 36.6.0.

In PowerFactory, an infinite source is typically emulated using an ideal voltage source element, where you directly specify voltage magnitude and frequency. If you need to simulate a voltage or frequency step during a dynamic simulation, you simply change these two inputs on the source itself, at any point in time.

Questions: 1. Questions:

1. Does PSS®E have an equivalent "ideal voltage source" model/element — something where I can directly set voltage and frequency as independent inputs? Or is the only way to represent an infinite/stiff source to use a synchronous generator (e.g. GENCLS with high inertia)? 2. inertia)?

2. How do you emulate a voltage or frequency step on the network in PSS®E? If a generator is indeed required, what's the standard/recommended approach to force a step change in terminal voltage or frequency during a dynamic run? 3. run?

3. Is applying a shunt (Bus Fault / Calculate and Apply Bus Fault) the ONLY way to force a voltage step at a specific bus, or are there other supported mechanisms (e.g. a dedicated disturbance type, an API call, or a model) for this purpose?

Any pointers to relevant documentation sections, example cases, or standard practice would be appreciated. PSS®E 36.6.0.