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Hello,

I have a model which works nicely but need to add limits to primary reserves for frequency response. The model uses HYGOV for primary response. Have tried to use GMAX, PGEN and MBASE to set the reserve limit.

My thoughts so far: Reduction of GMAX will reduce the amount of primary reserves available, as turbine inflow limits are regulated.

Calculation example: If PGEN = 900 MW, and MBASE = 1200 MW, there is 300 MW of reserves available for primary response as primary reserves at the generator until. Setting GMAX = 0.75 means that the maximum gate opening at the turbine is 1200 MW * 0.75 = 900 MW, meaning that the turbine or PMECH may only reach 900 MW, implying 0 primary reserves. GMAX = 0.8 would mean a maximum output of 960 MW, meaning 960 - 900 = 60 MW as primary reserves.

This does not work as intended. I get a lower PMECH than what my calculations here show. Where am I mistaken? How do I add primary reserve limits?

In the end I need to cap primary reserves at 1800 MW for the system. I assume this can be done by adjusting GMAX individually at all HYGOVs in the system for a given operating state.